NAMIBIA

Penguins, Please

By Rhonda Marquardt

Everett, WA, United States

Let’s start with an experiment. What animal pops into your mind when you think of Africa? Probably you pictured a lion, tiger, elephant or giraffe. Maybe you visualized a leopard or hippopotamus. How many prompts would it take for you to picture a penguin?

Most people associate penguins with cold climates, but penguins actually only need to be near an ocean to thrive. Penguins living in Africa inhabit a series of 24 islands that stretch west and north from the country of South Africa to its neighbor, Namibia. Guess what those islands are called? Yep, the Penguin Islands.

The African penguin is a charismatic species that is known for its loud, donkey-like braying noises, distinctive black and white plumage and large breeding colonies. It is a flightless bird that is well adapted to life at sea and land. Its body is streamlined with modified wings that resemble flippers, which enable efficient swimming. A thick coat with overlapping feathers assists with waterproofing, wind resistance and insulation.

Fun Facts

Here are some interesting facts about African penguins:

Pink glands above each of their eyes become more colorful when they’re hot.
They may eat up to 14 percent of their body weight each day.
After they molt (grow new feathers), they don’t eat for three weeks.
Both parents take turns shading eggs from the sun until they hatch.
They build nests out of their own guano.

The African penguin has experienced rapid population declines over the past century as a result of overexploitation for food, habitat modification of nesting sites, oil spills, and competition for food resources with commercial fishing. Scientists estimate that the original population of these creatures numbered as many as four million. The current count is fewer than 20,000. As a result, the African penguin is considered officially endangered.

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Math Resources

Learning Activity:

Algebra 1 (Middle School)

Sample Problems:

While sightseeing you count 21 penguins. Eight of them are sitting on a nest and the rest are near the water. How many are near the water?
Every day a tourism company runs six tours of beaches popular with penguins. Today’s trips have exactly eight people on each one. How many people will go on tours today?
The maximum number of people who can be at a particular beach at the same time is 23. If one group has nine people in it and the second group has seven, how many people can be in the third group?
A group of penguins is called a waddle. One waddle has 23 penguins in it. If there are 17 adults, how many chicks are in this waddle?
You decide to take a boat tour to see penguins swimming in the ocean. At one time, you count 7 penguins to the right of the boat, 6 to the left of the boat, and 13 behind it. How many penguins do you see in total?
There are 27 penguins in a waddle. If, on average, each penguin eats between two and three pounds of food each day, how much food will this waddle eat?
Dayja is coordinating a school field trip to the Penguin Islands. Currently there are 6 people in the first group, 8 in the second group, and 11 in the third group. She has 17 more people to place in a group. If Dayja divides the remaining people so that there is the same number of people in each group, how many people will be in each group when she is done?
After a trip to the Penguin Islands, Jorge, Nathan, and Samuel are inspired to carve penguins out of wood and sell them as a fundraiser. Jorge carves two penguins, Nathan carves four penguins, and Samuel carves one penguin. By the end of the event, the three boys raised US$28 to support conservation on the islands. On average, how much did each wood carving cost?

Extension Question

Approximately 3,000 African penguins live on a protected beach near Cape Town, South Africa. Called Boulders Beach, the entire area is open to tourists. In fact, there are no fences or enclosures to separate the penguins from their human visitors. Because this species of penguin is endangered, do you think more should be done to keep them safe from harm? Or do the benefits of allowing up-close encounters outweigh any possible risks to the birds?

Explore Further

Website of the South African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds
International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species
San Diego Zoo’s live penguin cam
Video of African penguins at Boulders Beach

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